The long communal table stretched out down a craggy path overlooking the Aegean Sea. It had the cluttered look of a Renaissance painting, with remnants of grilled lamb, carafes of wine and abundant cutlery. But the overall effect was more minimalist; the sky was black save for a string of white party lights affixed to a telephone pole illuminating a barren hillside of rocks and prickly shrubs.

The contrast could not have been lost on the 300 or so art-world habitués who had gathered on the small island of Hydra in Greece on an early summer night. The artists Brice Marden and Maurizio Cattelan were there; so was the actress Chloë Sevigny, not to mention countless art collectors and curators. Guests were dressed in party attire suitable for a balmy Mediterranean night: shoulder-baring black dresses, linen suits, T-shirts.

They had made the trek by plane and hydrofoil for what has become one of the more coveted invitations on the art calendar: the opening party for the Slaughterhouse, an art space owned by Dakis Joannou, the Greek Cypriot billionaire and collector.

Hydra is only 120 miles from Athens, one of the easiest Greek isles to reach. In many ways it is what it appears to be: a quaint tourist island, with jewelry and gift shops and overpriced Wi-Fi cafes flanking the horseshoe-shaped port.

But the island has also become a stronghold of contemporary art. Tucked into the town are several world-class contemporary art spaces, found on the labyrinthine back streets or in repurposed commercial buildings. In addition to the Slaughterhouse, which used to be just that, there's the Hydra School Projects, a pop-up in the local high school; and the Hydra Workshop, a gallery run by the collector Pauline Karpidas in an old ship-repair garage of a mansion once belonging to the Bulgari family. (This year's show at the Hydra Workshop features the Los Angeles artists Matt Johnson, Frank Benson and Mark Grotjahn.)

Hydra didn't become an art-world mecca overnight; the buzz has been building for the last few years. With the opening of Slaughterhouse in 2009, coupled with the growing influence of Hydra School Projects and Hydra Workshop, the island has earned itself a spot on the summer art tour, attracting many of the same pilgrims who go to Art Basel and biennales.

A longtime refuge

Long before the galleries and celebrity-studded openings, though, Hydra was a refuge for artists and intellectuals. The writers Henry Miller and Lawrence Durrell came to stay with the painter Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghikas at his family's mansion in the late 1930s. (Miller compared the island to a "huge loaf of petrified bread" in his travel book "The Colossus of Maroussi.")

The singer and songwriter Leonard Cohen bought a home here in the 1960s and a rush of creative types followed him: poets, artists and musicians, who thronged the open-air tavernas at night and set up communal houses in the decrepit mansions.

More recently the appeal for artists has been the large number of generous collectors who have homes on the island, sponsor artist residencies and give lavish parties. Joannou said collectors chose Hydra because of its Bohemian past and its architecture, which is grander than that of most Hellenic islands. In the 18th century Hydra was filled with wealthy merchants, admirals and sea captains who built mini stone palazzos in the Venetian style, which now flank the hills around the port like couture-clad sentries.

Most of the hotels and guesthouses on Hydra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, have been around for a long time but don't seem outdated. They exude a Bohemian sensibility with their overgrown gardens and mix of minimalist-style architecture and airy interiors, casually decorated with antiques left over from the island's heyday.

Many in the art crowd can be found at the Miranda, a converted sea captain's mansion with 14 suites, and at the more upscale Bratsera, a minimalist boutique hotel in a former sponge factory. (Sponges were the island's main industry in the 1940s and '50s, as immortalized by Sophia Loren, who played a sexy local sponge-diver in the 1957 film "Boy on a Dolphin.")

And its art scene lasts only for the summer; as soon as the cool weather rolls in come September, the island reverts to its simple, quiet self, with a population of about 3,000.

Cars, motorbikes and bicycles are banned from the island, which gives it a charmingly primitive feel. Water taxis that speed up and down the rocky coast are the main source of transportation, shuttling passengers to hard-to-reach beaches and restaurants in remote villages.

At the main port, donkeys with carnations tucked behind their ears and human-pulled trolleys wait to haul luggage and supplies up the winding cobblestone streets. It's not uncommon to see donkeys carrying crates of valuable artwork up bumpy paths to the art spaces. (There are five garbage trucks on the island — they come out only in the wee hours — but otherwise there's no automotive cheating.)

The slow pace of life on the island seems to have an effect on the mind. Spend a week on Hydra and normal things begin to seem conceptual. The artist Doug Aitken said an abandoned fishing barge in the middle of the harbor "resembled a perfect sculpture." A local fisherman with a bushy handlebar mustache looked as if he had stepped out of the last century. But he had art credentials, too: He had acted in a Matthew Barney project for Slaughterhouse a couple of years ago.

The island is at its most social at dinnertime, around 10 p.m., when the alleyways around the port begin to buzz. Dimitrios Antonitsis, the founder of Hydra School Projects, and a group of artists were seated up on the vine-covered terrace of a taverna, Gitoniko, run by a local couple, Christina and Manolis. The home-cooked cuisine is among the island's finest; platters of eggplant salad; grape leaves stuffed with raisins, pine nuts and cinnamon; and grilled locally caught calamari.

The artists, several of whom were Greek, spoke of the country's economic crisis, which is not perceptible in Hydra except when the ferry companies go on strike. "Athens is burning, but on Hydra all is calmness and pretty pictures," said Konstantinos Skarmoutsos, a jewelry designer from Athens.

After dinner the group wandered. Every path seemed to lead to a small taverna with clusters of outdoor tables and guitar players crooning ballads. At the Pirate Bar, one of our party ran into an artist friend from London, who invited us to join her table. A carafe of wine arrived, and another, and soon it was 4 a.m. A typical night on Hydra.