Real estate

WASHINGTON — Two new initiatives from President Obama to address the foreclosure crisis — more help for homeowners and aggressive investigations of financial firms — face significant hurdles as the nation's real-estate troubles linger in a volatile election year.

A new refinancing plan that expands on an existing initiative would allow homeowners current on their mortgage payments to retool their loans and save as much as $3,000 a year on payments. This expansion would be paid for by a new tax on large banks Obama originally proposed in 2010 that has gone nowhere in Congress — and is unlikely to be approved by Republicans facing re-election in the fall.

The new investigative effort, to be co-chaired by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman and four federal officials, will try to coordinate a number of existing federal and state investigations into mortgage practices that led to the financial crisis.

Although Schneiderman promised Wednesday to move aggressively, many of those investigations have been going on for years.

If the goal is to get criminal convictions — Obama called in his State of the Union address "to hold accountable those who broke the law" — it will be difficult to accomplish, said Thomas Gorman, an attorney at Dorsey & Whitney in Washington.

"Frankly, it's coming to the table somewhat late," said Gorman, a former enforcement official at the Securities and Exchange Commission. "There's a huge body of information out there about what happened, and there have been very few criminal charges brought."

Administration officials have released few details about the initiatives. There wasn't even a price tag on the refinancing plan, which will be part of legislation to be outlined in the coming days, White House officials said.

The proposal builds off the Home Affordable Refinance Program, which was revamped last year to ease rules and reduce fees to make 1 million to 2 million homeowners eligible to take advantage of low mortgage rates. That plan applied only to loans owned or backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but the new plan would apply to any mortgage, the administration said.

Jed Kolko, chief economist at real-estate website Trulia.com, said other potential government initiatives would "help the housing market more directly." That could include converting foreclosed homes into rentals or increasing loan modifications.

"This is primarily economic stimulus," Kolko said. "It puts money in the pockets of people with mortgages. It won't impact the housing market much."

"Underwater borrowers," or those whose mortgage balances exceed the value of their homes, "will remain underwater, and you need to be current on your payments to refinance," Kolko added.

The White House had no details on what Obama called "a small fee on the largest financial institutions" to offset the costs. In January 2010, Obama proposed a "financial crisis responsibility fee" of 0.15 percent annually on the liabilities, excluding domestic deposits, of banks and other financial firms with at least $50 billion in assets. It would have raised $9 billion a year for 10 years.

But with strong opposition from the financial industry, Obama was unable to push the fee through the Democratic-controlled Congress. With Republicans now controlling the House, "the bank tax is definitely a poison pill," said Edward Mills, a financial-policy analyst at FBR Capital Markets.

The new investigative effort will focus on "every aspect of the conduct that created the bubble and crash," including the origination of mortgages and the packaging of them into securities, Schneiderman said.

"We're undertaking a more coordinated effort to pull together all of the various strands of investigations relating to the conduct that created the mortgage-backed securities bubble and led to the market crash," Schneiderman told reporters Wednesday. "

Some liberal groups have pushed for a broader inquiry of the financial crisis and praised the initiative. "By launching this investigation, President Obama will take a crucial step toward holding the 1 percent on Wall Street accountable for the big bank fraud that nearly torpedoed the economy," said MoveOn.org chief Justin Ruben.

But Anthony Sanders, a professor of real-estate finance at George Mason University, said the unit would be regulatory overkill and was designed to pressure banks to agree to a proposed $25 billion settlement with federal officials and many state attorneys general on foreclosure-paperwork problems.

Schneiderman has been one of the most aggressive state attorneys general in investigating the actions of financial firms and others leading up to the housing bust. Along with California Attorney General Kamala Harris, he has balked at broadly releasing banks from legal liability as part of the foreclosure settlement talks.

They and several other attorneys general are concerned that the immunity would be so broad that it would preclude other investigations into the causes of the crisis.

A spokesman for Schneiderman said he would not sign on to any settlement that would limit his ability to investigate the mortgage crisis. Meanwhile, a spokesman for Harris said the attorney general believes that the current settlement proposal is inadequate for Californians.

California House Democrats on Wednesday asked to meet with Obama to appeal for more aggressive action to deal with foreclosures, including putting in place a plan to reduce the principal on underwater mortgages.

"We've met with everybody else in the administration with no satisfaction that they fully understand the magnitude of this problem with respect to the families that we represent," said Rep. George Miller, D-Calif..