Asian carp new bullies of America's waterways

KANSAS CITY, Mo. — Cold-blooded. Spawning faster than rabbits. Leaping over boats in a single swish.

Leaving in their wake dozens of slack-jawed (and several cases of tooth-loosened) fishermen, kayakers, water skiers and anyone else who dares to trespass through their watery world.

Asian silver carp are becoming the new bullies in America's waterways, said a Missouri fish biologist.

"They're here, they're a problem, they're not going away soon. And they could potentially be life-threatening," said Duane Chapman, a research fish biologist at the U.S. Geological Survey and national expert on invasive carp species.

In August, a Texas kayaker racing on the Missouri River had a sudden encounter of the slimy, slapping kind in the MR340 kayak race. Although he was OK, he chose to leave the race because of them.

The only warning anyone on the water has that these fish are about to propel themselves in panic is (with apologies to Ross Perot) they emit a sucking sound.

"You hear that ... sound ... and everybody ducks their heads between their legs waiting for the splash," Chapman said.

Watch out — especially along wing dikes where the waters are calm. Take care at night, when you can't see them flying at you. From rivers in South Dakota to the shores of Ohio, they fly out like popcorn cooked without a lid.

That's the image the nonfishing public has of these crazy fish. But anyone who has ever been hit knows there's nothing funny about them.

"These fish can grow into 70 or 80 pounds," warned Tracey Hill, a scientist at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. So far, the silver carp in Missouri's rivers average around 15 to 20 pounds. Eating 5 to 20 percent of their weight daily, they grow fast.

Hill recently returned to his Columbia office after studying the density of silver carp populations in the waterways near Chicago. Although few were found there, he knows how bad it can get. In a Missouri River tributary near Columbia, "more were in the air than in the water," he said. He and his crew wore hockey helmets to protect themselves.

Even with the precautions, Hill still took a couple of fish hits in the chest and batted a few from his face. One managed to hammer him right in the kneecap.

"That hurt," Hill said.

Asian carp are such a nuisance on the Missouri River that fishermen and other boaters protect themselves with barrier nets, not only to shield the passengers, but also to protect the motor's throttle mechanism from damage.

"If they hit the throttle front or back, it'll floor the engine in reverse or forward, and that's dangerous," Chapman said. "Someone could fall out and even be run over by his own boat. There are times when a fisherman doesn't come home, and who knows what happened to him out there on the river?"

But the nets don't eliminate all the hazards.

"They still didn't stop the slime, the scales and the fish poop from spraying everywhere when the fish hit."

So Chapman had a welder install a Plexiglas fish shield fore and aft of the area where the boat driver handles the outboard motor. That works, he said, although it's harder to communicate with others in the boat. He's seen other inventive ideas on the river. One boater had some 2-by-6s protecting a throttle. Another had rigged up empty milk cartons.

Fish biologists are studying whether the silver carp, which were introduced in the 1970s to Arkansas lakes to forage on troublesome algae, might also be sucking in the tiny young of Missouri's native fish species. Other algae feeders clearly are losing the competition for the food, which means less for game fish to eat.

Besides the silver, other Asian species, the black, the grass — which can jump, too, although not as much — and the bighead — which reach 100 pounds — are taking over U.S. waterways, just as they have done the European rivers. When a large section of the Danube was poisoned by an accidental cyanide spill, 90 percent of the belly-up fish were Asian carp.

Asian carp are causing a big controversy in the Great Lakes region, where five states — Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio, Minnesota and Pennsylvania — are asking a federal judge in Chicago to close two shipping locks and install additional barriers to prevent Asian carp from using the canals to reach the Great Lakes. One assistant attorney general dubbed the area "the carp highway."

But that plan has met strong legal resistance from barge and tour-boat operators who use the canals.

Fish biologists spotted a bighead carp six miles from the lake, well past the electronic barriers that officials placed to prevent the species from invading.

Although fish biologists see the invasive carp as a nuisance, Chapman, who is the world's leading authority on them, admitted to having a love-hate relationship, especially after cooking one.

"They taste good!" he said. "They have a lot of bones, but their meat resembles a cod taste. They're low in contaminants, low in fat, high in omegas."

To show others how to fillet, cook and share a few recipes, Chapman teamed up with some Louisiana State University students to make three You-Tube videos titled "Flying Fish, Great Dish."

Faulkner likes eating the carp, too. He sees the species as a potential new fish star in the gourmet world — if people can get over what they look like, he added.

"There's more to these fish than just looking ugly. The yuppie fish of the year was the orange roughy, and if you ever saw it come out of the water, it would scare the hell out of you. Hell, the monkfish is the ugliest fish on the planet. ... Americans say these carp taste bad, but in China, people there have just about cleaned them out, so many eat them.

" ... We have the potential for making a cheap, good-tasting protein meal, especially for people who can't afford salmon. I say, get the bones out and bring on those recipes."