Russia presses U.S. to destroy Afghan poppy crop

MOSCOW — Russia is pressing the White House to resurrect the Bush-era policy of large-scale eradication of poppy fields in Afghanistan, an effort that critics say angered Afghan farmers and rallied support for the Taliban but did little to curb the cultivation of opium.

The Kremlin's counternarcotics chief, Viktor Ivanov, said in an interview published in the daily Izvestia on Wednesday that the United States and Russia should work more closely together to stem the rising tide of heroin addiction and prevent extremist organizations from financing attacks with profits from the drug trade.

One of the chief strategies the United States and NATO are now pursuing to curb the multibillion-dollar heroin trade in Afghanistan is to replace the cultivation of opium poppies with grain and fruit crops.

Ivanov said such measures were insufficient.

"It's not enough to offer alternative farming," Ivanov told Izvestia. Instead, he told The New York Times this week, the Obama administration should use the kind of aerial spraying of herbicides the United States has employed against the illicit coca crop in Colombia. Cocaine is derived from coca.

"I would call on the United States to use defoliation from the air," Ivanov said. He was on his way to the United States on Wednesday to meet with his counterparts there the following day.

Afghanistan provides more than 90 percent of the heroin consumed around the world. Russia and some other states in the former Soviet Union, which lie along Afghan drug-smuggling routes, suffer from high addiction rates.

The Bush administration tried to persuade President Hamid Karzai to accept aerial spraying and even transferred U.S. Ambassador William Wood from Bogotá to Kabul because of his expertise in the issue.

But Karzai opposed aerial spraying on environmental grounds, preferring manual eradication efforts. The United States, meanwhile, has become increasingly leery of destroying crops at all, fearing the effort would turn farmers into insurgents.

While the Afghan government continues its own manual crop-eradication program, the Obama White House has all but abandoned the Bush administration's efforts to destroy Afghanistan's opium harvest.

The United States is now helping farmers plant alternate crops, destroying drug labs, trying to arrest major traffickers and interdicting shipments.

A recent U.S. Senate report labeled the Afghan eradication program "an expensive failure," and special U.S. envoy Richard Holbrooke called the practice "a waste of money."

Eradication efforts in 2007 and 2008 destroyed less than 4 percent of the annual crops, according to a U.N. report, which also called eradication a failure.

At a July conference, Ivanov blamed the failure of the U.S. and NATO counternarcotics operations on poor tactics, and urged spraying.

That month Ivanov told the business daily Kommersant that the United States was reluctant to fight poppy cultivation more forcefully because, he claimed, Washington feared a backlash from powerful drug barons allegedly living in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.

Some Western counternarcotics officials have pushed for eradication programs, saying even if such efforts destroy only a small fraction of the crop, they can discourage cultivation by raising the risk to farmers of planting poppies.