EPA seeks tougher standards for lead

WASHINGTON — The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a major tightening Thursday of the health standard for airborne lead, saying current allowable concentrations do not adequately protect public health, especially in children.

The lead health standard has not changed since the initial requirement was enacted 30 years ago. Since then, lead pollution has dropped substantially. Lead emissions remain an air-quality problem, largely from industrial sources, the agency said.

"Our air isn't lead-free yet, so our efforts must continue," said EPA Deputy Administrator Marcus Peacock. The proposal, which would cut allowable airborne lead concentrations by up to 93 percent from today's standard, is expected to be made final by mid-September.

An EPA staff report more than a year ago suggested a broad range of options, including one that would have eliminated the lead standard.

But the EPA decided the lead standard needed to be made tougher.

The decision was praised by the American Academy of Pediatrics, which noted the proposal also would require additional monitoring of lead levels in urban areas and near lead sources, and emphasized the need for greater protection for children.

But others said the EPA didn't go far enough since the top range of its proposed standard exceeds what a science advisory panel had recommended.

"EPA is making progress ... but this standard still falls short of what's needed to protect the public," said Avinash Kar, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group.

Sen. Barbara Boxer, D-Calif., chairman of the Senate Environment & Public Works Committee, said the proposed requirement still "would leave children in harm's way."

Peacock said lead emission into the air has declined by 98 percent since the first standard was imposed in 1978.

But, he said, annually about 1,300 tons of lead are released and research has shown that even low levels of exposure to children is damaging.

Once in the body, lead rapidly is absorbed into the bloodstream, adversely affecting many organs, health experts say.

The EPA proposed to lower the allowable concentrations of lead in the air to a range of between 0.10 to 0.30 micrograms per cubic meter, compared to the current human health standard of 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter.