Common alternative treatments for ADHD

Dietary intervention: There is some evidence that eliminating foods with certain chemicals is beneficial to a sub-group of children with ADHD. If you suspect your child is sensitive to certain foods, you can try eliminating them on a trial basis under the supervision of a doctor or dietitian. Limiting sugar has not proven effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD. A balanced diet, including fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains and protein is recommended for all children.

Nutritional supplements: Herbs, megavitamins and amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and L-DOPA) have been offered as alternatives to medications. The assumption is that some nutrient is missing from the child's diet. Doctors caution that herbs are essentially unrefined drugs that are not regulated by the FDA. Before starting supplements, it is important to find controlled studies, consider the source and cost of the supplements and consult your doctor. A daily children's RDA multivitamin is a safe bet even if it does not help ADHD.

Brain SPECT imaging: Dr. Daniel G. Amen is well known for his research on ADHD using brain-imaging technology. Brain SPECT imaging is a nuclear-medicine procedure that evaluates brain activity and provides a specific diagnosis of one of six types of ADHD with a targeted treatment plan. There are several Amen clinics in the U.S., including one in Tacoma (www.brainplace.com or 253-779-4673).

Neurofeedback or EEG biofeedback: Studies have demonstrated some benefits for children receiving neurofeedback for ADHD. Called "training" rather than "treatment," neurofeedback is a learning process to change patterns of behavior such as focus and attention. In a clinic setting, sensors are attached to the head to monitor brain waves and provide feedback on a computer screen. The goal is for the brain to self-correct and the child to learn to improve focus and attention.

Meditation: Children with ADHD are often restless. Meditation has been shown to help with relaxation and reduce stress. There are many types of meditation and once learned, they can be practiced at home, school or on the bus.

Interactive Metronome Training: Another feedback program with demonstrated benefits, interactive metronome (IM) training addresses deficits in motor planning and timing, common in children with ADHD. Children tap hands or feet to a computerized metronome (the type of device used to keep the beat in music) and improvements in matching the beat reflect gains in motor planning and timing skills.

Chiropractic treatments: Different beliefs and approaches exist among chiropractors with regard to ADHD, and data is starting to be collected. A chiropractic neurologist will conduct vision, hearing and other tests to identify problem areas in the brain. Treatment programs may include timing therapies such as clapping or tapping to a metronome, balancing exercises or wearing special glasses, most of which can be done at home. Nutrition and lifestyle changes are an important component of these treatments, which are designed to provide long-lasting improvement.

Common ADHD medications

Preferred treatments are the long-lasting and extended-release medications including Strattera (24-hour coverage), Concerta (12-hour extended release) and Adderall XR (12-hour extended release).

Non-stimulants

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Stimulants

Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Focalin, Metadate, Concerta and Daytrana patch)

Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine and Dextrostat)

Amphetamine Salts (Adderall)

Acupuncture: There are many licensed acupuncturists who treat children for ADD and ADHD. Acupuncture is considered to work on both the root of the imbalances as well as the symptoms.

Melinda Tsuchiya,

Special to The Seattle Times

Sources: Information from a variety of sources including the National Resource Center on AD/HD (www.help4adhd.org/en/treatment/complementary/WWK6)