Feds pave way for digital TV switchover

WILMINGTON, N.C. — The future of broadcast television is set to premiere in this quaint seaside city this week. And the federal government is working hard — too hard, some say — to make sure it's a hit here.

At noon today, Wilmington's five commercial broadcast stations are scheduled to become the nation's first to permanently switch to all-digital signals, serving as a test of the government-mandated transition that other stations across the country will make in February.

"It's like landing on the moon," said Constance Henley Knox, general manager of CBS affiliate WILM. "We're making history."

The change is the biggest for over-the-air television since the advent of color 50 years ago. The more efficient signals, which many stations already are transmitting, provide a much clearer picture and allow broadcasters to offer four or more programs at the same time on new sub-channels.

But the end of analog broadcasts could leave viewers who depend on rabbit ears and other antennas seeing nothing but static unless they upgrade their equipment. That's because older sets can't pick up the digital signals.

Although most people who get TV from cable, satellite or phone companies will be unaffected, viewers who rely on antennas need a digital TV or a special converter box.

So for the past four months, the Federal Communications Commission has lavished disproportionate attention on Wilmington, the nation's 135th-largest media market with 180,000 TV-watching households, to eliminate any chance the test run will flop.

A dozen FCC staffers have spent the summer crisscrossing the region like tourists to raise public awareness.

They've visited the Poplar Grove Plantation farmers market and the Pender County Blueberry Festival. They've been to the 30th-anniversary party for the public library in Elizabethtown and made friends at the Mae Coffee Shop in Whiteville.

FCC Chairman Kevin J. Martin has visited five times to spread the word.

By all accounts the region is ready after the unprecedented FCC effort, which supplemented an aggressive publicity campaign by broadcasters.

In a recent survey of Wilmington-area residents by the National Association of Broadcasters, 77 percent of respondents knew when the switch was occurring.

"I don't think I've run into anybody who doesn't know about it," Louis Pillarella, a 68-year-old engineer from Wilmington, said during a recent digital-TV expo where Martin and three FCC staffers answered questions.

Big illusion?

But the all-out federal effort is a major reason a successful test of what one Wilmington station has dubbed "the big switch" could turn out to be a big illusion.

"It's great Wilmington has come forward and offered to be the canary in the coal mine," said Joel Kelsey, a policy analyst with Consumers Union, the nonprofit publisher of Consumer Reports magazine. "But we have several concerns about just how good a canary Wilmington is going to be."

One is that no other place will get the type of personal oversight the FCC has showered on Wilmington. Other media markets will be visited by a single FCC commissioner, accompanied by a few staffers, for a couple of days.

Flat topography

Another reason a successful test in Wilmington may not be indicative of success in the rest of the country: Only about 8 percent of the area's homes rely on antennas, compared with 12 percent nationwide, according to Nielsen.

What's more, its flat topography eliminates the problems viewers in hilly areas could face trying to tune in to digital signals. Poor reception leads to frozen pictures or blank screens.

FCC Commissioner Michael J. Copps said he hoped a smooth transition in Wilmington wouldn't trigger complacency in Washington, D.C.

"The worst thing would be if we all get in the airplane Sept. 8 and come home and say, 'That's that,' " said Copps, who proposed the test-market idea.

"It's still such a huge leap that we're making. Even though we have this one little test, it still boggles my mind we're going to pull the lever on everyone else in February."

To free up more airwaves for public-safety communications and wireless devices, the federal government mandated that all full-power TV stations permanently turn off their analog transmitters and broadcast only in digital by the end of the day Feb. 17.

The millions of people with older TV sets who receive signals via antennas will need converter boxes, which typically cost $40 to $70. The government is subsidizing them through $40 coupons.

Last year, a coalition of broadcasters and consumer and civil-rights groups launched a nationwide public-awareness effort. But some groups and members of Congress have criticized the government for not doing enough to ensure an easy transition.

The FCC sought a test market, and Wilmington's broadcasters volunteered.

Test pays off

Martin said Wilmington needed extra resources because it was making the transition early, and he declared that the test was already paying dividends.

After seeing the benefits of having staffers on the ground there, Martin announced in August that FCC commissioners would fan out to the 80 markets with the most over-the-air-only households between now and February.

They plan to hold town hall meetings and other events to raise awareness and answer questions about the transition.

"We're going to be taking that same kind of effort, that same playbook, to the most at-risk markets," Martin said.